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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>I recently stumbled on a series of videos published on YouTube by the Norwegian Folk Museum. It is a 3 part set of silent films with Norwegian titles and it shows the weaving and use of a heavy wollen blanket by a Sami woman on a warp weighted loom.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>I thought I would share my translation for those who might think it interesting. I hope the moo doesn’t trash the format too much, if so, let me know and I can email the word doc.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Enjoy<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Wiglaf<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Attached is a translation of the titles embedded in an interesting film made on weaving with a warp weighted loom. This film series is a silent film with titles of a Sami woman weaving a traditional heavy woolen blanket called a Raðno in her native Sami language or a Grene in Norwegian. The Grene was used for many things including a tent section, blankets, and covers for their sled gear. All of these uses are shown in the first part as shown with the Samis erecting a tent after disassembling their sleds. The blankets from their sleds are then put over a frame made from their sled runners and support structure. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>My point of interest is the demonstration of the warp weighted loom by a woman who clearly knows how to use it. Her skill with this loom interesting to see. Also using the terms grenevev in a google search shows hits for a warp weighted loom.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>There are a lot of cultural things embedded in the movie. The Sami were previously known as Lapp people or even in the sagas as “striding Finns” but both terms are now considered p<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;background:white'>ejorative</span>. The Sami are the northern most aboriginal people in Europe and their homeland stretches from Norway, through Sweden and Finland into Russia’s Kola peninsula. They were described as “sea Sami” and mountain Sami. The mountain Sami are well-known reindeer herding nomads. They were isolated from the Viking peoples with the bubonic plaque outbreaks in Norway in the 1300s. The Norwegians were killed at a rate much higher than the Sami who were more isolated. When the two cultures reconnected in the 1500s, the Norwegians began to think of them as less sophisticated. But the Sami held on to traditional things further into the modern times and so we have these films. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;background:white'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;background:white'>Part 1 shows the reindeer herders and an interesting segment of them setting up their tents.</span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUm2JvsLzx8">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUm2JvsLzx8</a> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Part 2 shows the woman preparing the warp for weaving <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxA1bpj6lB0">www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxA1bpj6lB0</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Part 3 shows the weaving and the resulting gren back on a sled. <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PD-FASC6ZQ">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PD-FASC6ZQ</a> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>There is another set of modern videos that shows close ups of some of the processes but the narrator is speaking Sami. <a href="http://www.senterfornordligefolk.no/greneveving.4855035-150284.html">www.senterfornordligefolk.no/greneveving.4855035-150284.html</a><o:p></o:p></p><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><br clear=all style='page-break-before:always'></span><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoTableGrid border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'><tr><td width=319 valign=top style='width:239.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>Del 1 av 3<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Ein Rein eigar flytter dit dyra finn rein mose<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Til vinter teltduk på finnmakrs vidda brukte fjell samane teppe av ullgarn, tette, tverr stripa<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Radno er same namnet på dei store teppa. Grene seier andre norske.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Rein skinn og grene er seng klede og slede feld<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>nå set dei opp grene teltet i snø ver<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>grue til elden<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Del 2 av 3<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>gren veving treng steiner som er jam tunge og helst slette ull garn till øver kant i ei grene<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>sør i norge i ei myr på jaren låg ei renning med smal øvre jaren ikring 1500 år<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>renninga er nå i stavanger museum og eit fotografi kjem her<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>flette-moskar held rennings trådane på plass<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Ho legg hovlar om annakvart tråd par og om avil soabbi mjukt ullgarn till tverr trådane i veven<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Nå ser vi korleis lyngen kvinner kan veve grener til vinter teltduk og til sengetøy<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>fjell samane vil ha tette grener till vinter telt derfor må ho dra godt til<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Når ho nokre gonger har rulla veven opp, flytter ho steinane ned.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Ein må slutte å veve når det ikkje lenger er godt skil i veven.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Grena er nå snart ferdig til senge klede kjore teppe eller til telt duk Grene på flytte lass på Finmarks vidda<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=319 valign=top style='width:239.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>part 1 of 3<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>A reindeer owner goes where the animals can find reindeer moss.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>In winter on Finnmarks plateau the canvas used by the mountain Sami is a blanket of wool , dense , striated called “Raðno.” The Norwegian name for the same big blanket is “Grene”.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Reindeer skins and grene are bed clothing and sled coverings. Now in snow world they set up the tent frame covered by grene over the hearth fire.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Part 2 of 3<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Gren weaving needs stones that are evenly heavy and straighten wool yarn in a grene border.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>In a southern Norway marsh was found a bottom warp end with a narrow strip circa 1500. That warp is now in the Stavanger Museum, and here is a photograph of it.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>A braid (mask) holds the warp threads in place.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>She separates every other line pair and (if avil soabbi her name?) soft wool as the cross threads in the weave. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Now we see how the “heather women” can weave grene for winter canvas and linens<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Mountain Sami will have thick grene in the winter tent so she must go well – be careful.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>When she has rolled the weaving up , she moves the stones down.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>One must stop the weave when there are no longer good separation in the weave/warp .<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The gren is now almost ready to use as bedclothes blanket or tent webs and moving loads on the Finnmark plateau.<o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>